Brain fables: the hidden history of neurodegenerative diseases and a blueprint to conquer them - Alberto Espay

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An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease, with this number expected to double by 2050.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

The time to rethink degenerative brain disorders has come.

With no biological boundaries between neurodegenerative diseases, illnesses such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's result from a large spectrum of biological abnormalities, hampering effective treatment.

Acclaimed neurologist Dr Alberto Espay and Parkinson's advocate Benjamin Stecher present compelling evidence that these diseases should be targeted according to genetic and molecular signatures rather than clinical diagnoses.

There is no Parkinson's or Alzheimer's, simply people with Parkinson's or Alzheimer's.

An incredibly important story never before told, Brain Fables is a wakeup call to the scientific community and society, explaining why we have no effective disease-modifying treatments, and how we can get back on track.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.

An estimated 80 million people live with a neurodegenerative disease.

That number is expected to increase rapidly as populations age, lifespans increase, and exposure to toxins rises.

Despite decades of research and billions in funding, there are no medications that can slow, much less stop, the progress of these diseases.

This is because diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's do not exist in biology.

Yet, hundreds of clinical trials around the world are examining the potential of single therapies in thousands of people sharing one of these labels.

Compounding the problem, these therapies were developed on evidence from models that do not come close to capturing the complexity of these diseases in the affected humans.

These practices must end.

Brain Fables is a call to refocus on understanding living and aging to create the personalized treatments each affected individual desperately needs.