Our rivers and lakes are continuously self-purifying thanks to algal and bacterial biofilms that grow over the surface of stones and other debris.
This same process has been employed for over a century to treat our municipal and industrial wastewater in specially designed fixed film reactors that maximize this microbial activity by providing ideal growth conditions and unlimited food and oxygen.
Fixed film, or attached biofilm, reactors are unique in their ability to treat complex wastewaters an.
World Scientific Publishing Europe Ltd Fixed-film reactors in wastewater treatment, hardcover/nick frederick gray
