In March 1896 a well-disciplined and massive Ethiopian army did the unthinkable-it routed an invading Italian force and brought Italy's war of conquest in Africa to an end.
In an age of relentless European expansion, Ethiopia had successfully defended its independence and cast doubt upon an unshakable certainty of the age-that sooner or later all Africans would fall under the rule of Europeans.
This event opened a breach that would lead, in the aftermath of world war fifty years later, to .
Belknap Press The battle of adwa: african victory in the age of empire, paperback/raymond jonas
