This book of essays addresses the challenge of modern nationalism to the tsarist Russian Empire.
This challenge first took place on the empire's western periphery, comprised of the twelve provinces extending from Ukrainian lands in the south to the Baltic provinces in the north, as well as to the Kingdom of Poland.
At issue is whether the late Russian Empire entered World War I as a multiethnic state with many of its age-old mechanisms run by a multiethnic elite, or as a Russian state predomi.