Includes pictures Includes ancient accounts describing the cities Includes a bibliography for further reading Of all the peoples of the ancient Near East, the Phoenicians are among the most recognizable but also perhaps the least understood.
The Phoenicians never built an empire like the Egyptians and Assyrians; in fact, the Phoenicians never created a unified Phoenician state but instead existed as independent city-state kingdoms scattered throughout the Mediterranean region.
However, despite the fact there was never a Phoenician Empire, the Phoenicians proved to be more prolific in their exploration and colonization than any other peoples in world history until the Spanish during the Age of Discovery.
The Phoenicians were well-known across different civilizations throughout the ancient world, and their influence can be felt across much of the West today because they are credited with inventing the forerunner to the Greek alphabet, from which the Latin alphabet was directly derived.
Nonetheless, the Phoenicians left behind few written texts, so modern historians have been forced to reconstruct their past through a variety of ancient Egyptians, Assyrian, Babylonian, Greek, and Roman sources.
It's not even clear what the Phoenicians called themselves, because the name Phoenician is derived from the Greek word phoinix, which possibly relates to the dyes they produced and traded (Markoe 2000, 10).
The mystery of the ancient Phoenicians is further compounded by the fact that archaeologists have only been able to excavate small sections of the three primary Phoenician cities: Byblos, Sidon, and Tyre.
A network of this size, with hundreds of colonies and thousands of ships, had to be well-coordinated, and it was thanks to important cities along the Mediterranean coast.
One of the most crucial cities in the system was hidden beneath the Greek, Roman, and Crusader ruins of Lebanon: the ancient city of Tyre.
Seated at entrance to the sea, according to the prophet Eze.
| Cities | Byblos |
|---|---|
| Lebanon | The ancient city of |
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Createspace Independent Publishing Platform Tyre, byblos, and sidon: the history of the three most important ancient phoenician cities in the levant, paperback/charles river editors
